Biographies of famous latin or hispanic inventors from the latin world: Narciso Monturiol, Ellen Ochoa, Baruj Benacerraf, Carlos Finlay, Bernardo Houssay, Luis Federico Leloir, Milstein, Severo Ochoa de Albornoz, Santiago Ramó® ¹ Cajal and Miguel Servet. Sure, politicized scientific issues like global climate change might instigate rancorous debate, but this smoke, though toxic in its own way, is nothing compared to the fire under which teachers, intellectuals and scientists have lived during many authoritarian regimes. Check out the list of notable Hispanic scientists. Although he was among the 150 educators sacked during Gen. Juan Perón's 1943 military coup, he became one of the most influential physician-scientists of 20th-century Latin America. (July 4, 2014) http://www.dailycal.org/2014/06/17/frank-asaro-uc-berkeley-nuclear-chemist-dies-age-86/, Milstein, César. The New York Times. (July 4, 2010) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1980/speedread.html, Parodi, Armando. We like to view ourselves as special snowflakes, as one-of-a-kind as our fingerprints. (July 3, 2014) http://www.who.int/lep/situation/latestdata/en/, World Health Organization. Vol. Here she is on her third spaceflight, helping to transport supplies from the space shuttle Discovery to the International Space Station in spring 1999. 6. "Luis Leloir -- Biographical." "Seeking Signs of Compatibility." Before Google doodles, we honored important forgotten figures with postage stamps. For as long as there have been empires, juntas and dictators, there have been ideas that are easier to suppress, mock or beat down than to face in open debate. 01 May 1852. May 2005. When César Milstein produced the first monoclonal antibodies in 1975, he not only solved this problem, he became one of the fathers of modern medicine. "Death Notices (Alfonso Caso Andrade, Merle H. "Mario J. Molina -- Biographical." Luis Walter Alvarez (1911 – 1988) March 2014. Much as fad diets might tell us to cut them out, energy-packed carbohydrates are essential to most life, thanks to two opposing chemical processes: combustion, which allows us to break down carbs and release energy needed for vital bodily processes, and synthesis, which enables us to use various sugars to build substances we need to live. Other Hispanic scientists including Mario J. Molina, who stated that CFC’S are harmless and César Milstein, one of the fathers of modern medicine to developed the first monoclonal antibodies in 1975 are Hispanic scientists. As a child in Mexico City, Molina admired his aunt, a chemist, and emulated her by converting a spare bathroom into a makeshift chemistry lab. 2004. (July 3, 2014) http://www.bbc.com/news/health-27389259, Benacerraf, Baruj. 2006. 2. But Convit, who was born in Caracas, Venezuela, and died there a century later, extended his hand beyond the confines of the lab or doctor's office. Reuters. 1: Franklin Chang-Díaz (1950-) and Ellen Ochoa (1958-), Anthropology News. (July 3, 2014) http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/37619/title/The-Leprosy-Bacillus--circa-1873/, Stuff You Should Know Podcast Talks Big Bang With Neil deGrasse Tyson, Franklin Chang-Díaz (1950-) and Ellen Ochoa (1958-), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Missed in History: Luis Alvarez Part I (podcast), Missed in History: Luis Alvarez Part II (podcast), 12 Deadly Diseases Cured in the 20th Century, Information about the device's operating system, Information about other identifiers assigned to the device, The IP address from which the device accesses a client's website or mobile application, Information about the user's activity on that device, including web pages and mobile apps visited or used, Information about the geographic location of the device when it accesses a website or mobile application. Convit’s vaccines for leprosy and leishmaniasis are no longer in use, and the search continues for universally effective and acceptable vaccines for both diseases. He specialized in Applied Plasma Physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and received the doctorate degree from the same university. Cosmologists predict that inflation occurred ove… The contiguity of both regions has made travel between territories accessible and common. Franklin Chang-Dìaz, astronaut. He became an American citizen in 1977. Forgot account? (July 4, 2014) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1968/press.html, Nobel Prize. Create New Account. April 1971. Benacerraf was born in Caracas, Venezuela, but lived in Paris as a youth and spent most of his life and career in America. Currently, over 10% of the population of the United States is Hispanic… (July 7, 2014) http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/chang.html, NASA. After the war, he worked on the first proton linear accelerator and was awarded the 1968 Nobel Prize in physics for his work with elementary particles [sources: Encyclopaedia Britannica; PBS; Sullivan; Wohl]. The Scientist. He also served as rector of UNAM and director of the National Museum and of the National Institute of Anthropology and History [sources: Anthropology News; Encyclopaedia Britannica; Gaillard; Smithsonian]. March 2014. "Carlos Finlay (1833-1915)." Oct. 1, 2013. After all that excitement, he retired from NASA in 2005 [sources: NASA]. (July 7, 2014) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1970/leloir-bio.html. in the subject to his philosophy master's degree and law degree, all from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) [sources: Anthropology News; Encyclopaedia Britannica; Gaillard; Smithsonian]. Get to Know These 91 Famous Female Scientists Notable Female Pioneers in Science, Medicine, and Math. The Routledge Dictionary of Anthropologists. Log In. Chang-Díaz was born in San José, Costa Rica, and earned his doctorate in Applied Plasma Physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Having one Nobel Prize winner in the family is a huge accomplishment. Bernardo Houssay -- Biographical." "Luis W. Famous Spanish Scientists. "Luis Alvarez: 1911-1988." 1970. Share Flipboard Email Print Maria Mitchell and students, about 1870. Reed and his colleagues, who had been dispatched to Cuba to fight the disease that had killed so many soldiers during the Spanish-American War, helped Finlay improve his experiments and verified that the species now known as Aedes aegypti was indeed the culprit. Lopez has … In 2012, she was named JSC director -- the first Hispanic person and second woman to do so [sources: NASA; NASA]. Bernardo Alberto Houssay was barely out of puberty himself when he began researching the pituitary gland, but then he was always a bit of a prodigy: The intelligence that helped him stand out from his seven siblings had previously earned him a spot in pharmacy school at age 14. However, when attempting to invent a commercially-viable electric lightbulb, he failed over 10,000 times. 2014. From 17th-century Spanish painter Diego Velázquez, who used brushstrokes reminiscent of 19th-century Impressionist painters, to trailblazer Jean-Michel Basquiat, who brought graffiti into the gallery, these artists set trends rather than follow tradition. His impact was felt through his extensive papers, his widely published textbook, "Human Physiology," and his organization of the Institute of Physiology at the University of Buenos Aires, which produced such medical luminaries as Luis Leloir and César Milstein, both on this list [sources: Magill; Houssay; USASEF]. Yellow fever was wiped out of Cuba as well as Panama, enabling engineers to finally complete the Panama Canal [sources: Haas; PBS; UVHSL]. This was especially true in the case of the chemically inert chains of chlorine and fluorine atoms strapped to a carbon backbone known as chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs. "Alfonso Caso y Andrade." 10 Game-Changing Hispanic Scientists You Didn’t Learn About In School 1. At the time, yellow fever still ravaged the tropics, terrorizing populations and disrupting shipping, especially in Havana [sources: Frierson; Haas; PBS; WHO; UVHSL]. The thing that struck me most while compiling this list was the devastating effect that political forces can have on science. Carlos Juan Finlay, the Cuban physician who first linked yellow fever to mosquitoes in 1881, has received both tributes. "Luis Federico Leloir." June 2002: Astronaut Franklin R. Chang-Diaz works with a grapple fixture during extravehicular activity to perform work on the International Space Station. Santiago Ramón y Cajal. 2012. Speaking of the immune system, when using antibodies to combat viruses or bacteria, the human immune system favors an everything-but-the-kitchen-sink approach. Sep. 6, 2010. (July 7, 2014) http://faculty.cua.edu/may/Leloir.pdf, Meier, Natalie. "Frank Asaro, Berkeley Lab Nuclear Chemist, Dies at 86." Today, yellow fever afflicts roughly 200,000 and kills 30,000 people annually, mostly in African areas lacking vaccines. To tackle the task, Alvarez developed his own bubble chamber, camera stabilizers and a computerized system for analyzing bubble photographs. 12, no. Finlay noticed that yellow fever epidemics roughly coincided with Havana's mosquito season, but his mosquito-transmission hypothesis was met with disdain for decades until he convinced American military surgeon Walter Reed (like the hospital) to look into it. I have not failed once. Find out more about the greatest Spanish Scientists, including Santiago Ramón y Cajal, José Ortega y Gasset, Luis von Ahn, Javier Solana and Severo Ochoa. But Caso's influence extended far beyond the sciences. (July 7, 2014) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1984/, Nobel Prize. See more of The Famous People on Facebook. 64, no. And many of those contributions would not have been possible without famous Hispanic people—and women in … Occurrences of yellow fever have ramped up in recent years [sources: WHO]. (July 7, 2014) http://www.6911norfolk.com/d0lbln/105f06/105f06-wohl-alvarez.pdf, World Health Organization. "César Milstein, 74, Who Won Joint Nobel Prize in Medicine." (July 4, 2014) http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/boalva.html, Smithsonian Institution. (July 4, 2014) http://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/02/obituaries/luis-w-alvarez-nobel-physicist-who-explored-atom-dies-at-77.html, The Telegraph (UK). When asked by a reporter how it felt to fail so many times, he merely stated, “I have not failed 10,000 times. Gaillard, Gerald. Famous Hispanic Scientists Thank you for your attention!!! June 2010. Father-and-son research team Luis and Walter Alvarez peer through a star dome, which shows the orbit and location, relative to Earth, of stars and constellations. "Luis W. Alvarez, Nobel Physicist Who Explored Atom, Dies at 77." The Happy Page. Guillermo González Camarena invented an early color television system. He shared the prize with Carl Cori and Gerty Cori (née Radnitz), pioneers in understanding the catalytic conversion of glycogen [sources: Magill; Nobel Prize; USASEF]. His finding further enabled him to define five major phases of the ancient capital's history, beginning in the 8th century B.C.E., that lined up with the history of other sites. "Nobel Prize. Over the years, many scientists have emerged from the Spanish speaking countries. Also credited The first, a child of Spanish immigrants, spent his life in his homeland and dedicated himself to the treatment of leprosy there; the second, born of Spanish Moroccan and French Moroccan parents, spent his formative years in Paris and most of his life in America, and studied the genetic causes of autoimmune diseases. Unfortunately, the resulting soup of B cells and immunoglobulin is unsuited to targeted research. (July 4, 2014) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1947/houssay-bio.html, Leloir, Luis. There he became a naturalized citizen in 1943 after serving in a U.S. Army wartime medical training program that drafted him out of medical school. Updated February 28, 2017 | Infoplease Staff. "J. Luis Federico Leloir, or How to Do Good Science in a Hostile Environment." Similar, yet worlds apart; that's this list in a nutshell. March 26, 2002. The late 20th century was marked by the recognition that humans could significantly affect the environment, even Earth itself. Ochoa researched information processing at Sandia National Laboratories and NASA Ames Research Center and listed as co-inventor on three patents in optics, object recognition and image processing. Ellen Ochoa. Aug. 08 2001. Moved after encountering the disease's poor and stigmatized victims during medical school, he soon dedicated himself to helping treat them and to combating the social stigma under which they lived [sources: BBC; Chinea]. But tiny resonance particles, which existed for a trillionth of a trillionth of a second, were only detectable by the traces they left behind -- disintegration products and collision reactions with other particles. or. Did we mention that Molina also scooped up a Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2013? Mario Molina, … She became an astronaut in 1991 and flew four shuttle missions. Cite. "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1984." "The Yellow Fever Vaccine: A History." D)." BBC Entertainment News. Milstein (left) grins with Georges Kohler after their joint award (with Niels Jerne) of the 1984 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for their work on the immune system. While the number of Hispanic doctors who have and continue to make history is never-ending; there are some who have marshaled their strengths, talents and educational backgrounds to forge unexplored frontiers; ultimately paving … We use cookies to personalise content and ads, to provide social media features and to analyse our traffic. "Leprosy Vaccine Scientist Dies, Aged 100." Though grouping such a diverse collection of people under a single rubric -- particularly the politically expedient but dubious term Hispanic – isn't ideal, it does make room to explore their wide-ranging array of backgrounds and accomplishments. 268. Hispanic American Scientists. Luis Walter Alvarez, Nobel Prize-winning physicist. Born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Houssay performed research in circulation, respiration, immunity, the nervous system, digestion and the treatment of insect and snake bites. (July 3, 2014) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1995/crutzen-lecture.pdf, Encyclopedia Britannica. (July 9, 2014) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2892770/. Dec. 8, 1995. Vol. ... Antonia Novello served as U.S. surgeon general from 1990 to 1993, the first Hispanic and the first woman to hold that position. 10 Hispanic Scientists You Should Know 1: Franklin Chang-Díaz (1950-) and Ellen Ochoa (1958-) 2: Mario J. Molina (1943-) 3: César Milstein (1927-2002) 4: Baruj Benacerraf (1920-2011) 5: Jacinto Convit (1913-2014) 6: Luis Alvarez (1911-1988) 7: Luis Federico Leloir … Routledge. Scientist and doctor Jacinto Convit dedicated his life to researching infectious disease, particularly leprosy and leishmaniasis. Miguel … Thomas Edison is by far one of the most famous inventors in history. By isolating a new class of substances called sugar nucleotides, Leloir found the key to deciphering this voluminous backlog of unsolved metabolic reactions. (July 3, 2014) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1995/molina-bio.html, Molina, Mario J. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Leloir was born in Paris to Argentine parents and lived in Buenos Aires from the age of 2, with the exception of a few years spent abroad. We call that event the Big Bang. The man credited with one of the most important Mesoamerican discoveries in history started out lecturing on legal philosophy. Instead of washing out of the sky through rainfall or oxidation, they floated into the upper stratosphere, where solar ultraviolet radiation broke them apart and set off an ozone-destroying chemical reaction. by . Benacerraf later recalled how the mixture of his heritage and upbringing created difficulties for him both in America and when he later temporarily moved to Paris [sources: Benacerraf; Encyclopaedia Britannica; Nobel Prize]. 2. Vol. The following year, he and Felix Bloch pioneered measuring a neutron's magnetic moment, that is, its tendency to align with an applied magnetic field (an important clue that the neutrally charged particle is made of electrically charged fundamental particles). Symptom reduction remains the only treatment; untreated, the disease has a 50 percent mortality rate. "Alfonso Caso y Andrade (1896 - 1970)." Philip S. Hench Walter Reed Yellow Fever Collection. He became an astronaut in 1981 and later worked at NASA as well. Certain mouse spleen cells offered hope, but the specific antibodies they produced died too quickly to be useful. José Ortega y Gasset. (July 4, 2014) http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/an.1971.12.4.3.4/pdf, BBC.

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