<>stream 475 0 obj <>stream H‰Tà-Tà54Õ37U0 B]ËÜXÏTÁÔÈ H&ç*ğêg暘˜*¸äó Öc z 544 0 obj H‰Tà-Tà53P AC=SSCSK=#S…ä\^ıÌ\Sc—|^ £N endstream 526 0 obj endobj TOW part starts at two minutes, Tube-Launched, Optically-Tracked, Wire-Guided (TOW) Missiles, 1963 United States Tri-Service missile and drone designation system, "Manila receives precision-guided missiles from Washington", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BGM-71_TOW&oldid=1005888813, Air-to-surface missiles of the United States, Military equipment introduced in the 1970s, Articles lacking reliable references from August 2018, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, $93,640 (2B Aero), $54,956 (Bunker Buster) FY2021, Hughes Tube launched Optically tracked Wire command link guided (TOW) Missile, BGM-71B variant; Improved TOW (ITOW) w/ improved, BGM-71C variant; TOW-2, improved guidance, motor and enlarged main warhead, BGM-71D variant; TOW-2A optimized to defeat, BGM-71E variant; "bunker buster" variant for use against fortified structures, This page was last edited on 9 February 2021, at 23:07. <>stream 503 0 obj endobj <>stream endobj H‰Tà-Tà5Ô3U0 B]=sSKS=#SSs…ä\^ıÌ\ss—|^ »³ë 461 0 obj The missile also replaced the AGM-22B then in service as a heliborne anti-tank weapon. endobj H‰Tà-Tà5Ö37U0 B]ËÂTÏTÁÔÀD!9W�W?3×ÔĞRÁ%Ÿ ¼Ÿë <>stream <>stream endobj The team included members from Picatinny Arsenal, Frankford Arsenal, Redstone Arsenal, Watervliet Arsenal, Detroit Arsenal and Harry Diamond Laboratories. The Tube-launched, Optically Tracked, Wire-guided (TOW) Bunker Buster missile is intended to defeat urban … Descriptive Note: Corporate Author: DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON DC. Earlier manual weapons like SS.10 and ENTAC flew upwards after launch to clear the ground when being launched by infantry lying on the ground, and thus would not be immediately visible along the line-of-sight. endobj H‰Tà-Tà52Ó32U0 B]=sSKS#=S…ä\^ıÌ\3—|^ Ä� [8], In the fall of 1958, the Army's Office of Ordnance Research and Development formed the Ad Hoc Working Group at the Ballistic Research Laboratories (BRL) to define a future replacement for the SS.10 and 11. endstream endstream A fire-and-forget TOW variant (TOW-FF) was under development, but was cancelled by the Army in 2002. endobj 5", "THE MODERATE REBELS: A GROWING LIST OF VETTED GROUPS FIELDING BGM-71 TOW ANTI-TANK GUIDED MISSILES", "Syria: The 9 Insurgent Groups with US-Made TOW Anti-Tank Missiles", "Rebel worry: How to control Islamists if Assad is pushed from northern Syria", "Islamists Seize Control of Syrian City in Northwest", "In Syria, the Stakes Are High for a Rebel Offensive", "Syria rebels destroy Russian helicopter", Saudi Arabia just replenished Syrian rebels with one of the most effective weapons against the Assad regime, Syrian sniper: US TOW missiles transform CIA-backed Syria rebels into ace marksmen in the fight against Assad, ISIS used US-made anti-tank missiles near Palmyra, TOW Missile Hits a T-90 Tank with ‘Soft-Kill’ (SHTORA) APS and Reactive Armor, "U.S. INTELLIGENCE AND SOVIET ARMOR" Paul F. Gorman, page 18, "Half a Billion and Still Counting: Global Firearms Stockpiles", "قوات الحشد الشعبي تتسلح بصواريخ طوفان ( تاو ) المتطورة", "Military army ground forces equipment Morocco Army", "Government of Morocco – TOW 2A, Radio Frequency (RF) Missiles (BGM-71-4B-RF) and Support", "Taiwan and Oman order Raytheon's TOW anti-tank guided missile", "Foreign Military Sale: Pakistan – TOW-2A Anti-Armor Guided Missiles", https://mb.com.ph/2020/11/23/manila-receives-precision-guided-missiles-from-washington/, "Stormer 30 vehicle from behind: 2X TOW can be seen on each side of the vehicle", "nr. [42], Reports indicate that small number of TOW missiles have ended up in the hands of al-Qaeda in Syria and Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. endobj <>stream H‰Tà-Tà5×3U0 B]=sSK×ÔÀD!9W�W?3×ÔÈHÁ%Ÿ ´µ endobj H‰Tà-Tà5Ô3U0 B]=sSc=#SSs'9W�W?3×ÄÌHÁ%Ÿ ÕM | <>stream 471 0 obj endobj 483 0 obj After displacing to the Central Highlands for aerial gunnery, the unit commenced daily searches for enemy armor. 540 0 obj 490 0 obj [8], Production began at USAF Plant #44 and the first production examples were delivered in August 1969. H‰Tà-Tà5Ö37U0 B]ËÒ@ÁÔÀD!9W�W?3×ÔÈ@Á%Ÿ «ã| endobj endobj 543 0 obj <>stream [36] Free Syrian Army battalions widely and decisively used TOWs in the 2015 Jisr al-Shughur offensive. H‰Tà-Tà5Ö37U0 B]ËÂTÏTÁÔ D&ç*ğêgæšXš)¸äó ͽ S 517 0 obj The flight motor burns out 1.6 seconds after launch, with the missile gliding for the remainder of its flight time. <>stream endstream endstream endstream The extra speed provided by a rocket motor enables greater penetration of a missile-mounted bunker buster warhead. 501 0 obj endobj [21][22], On 19 August, the ARVN 5th Infantry Regiment, 2nd Division abandoned Firebase Ross in the Que Son Valley, 30 miles (48 km) southwest of Da Nang, to the PAVN 711th Division. ‘Development will soon start on the TOW bunker buster missile, which will make at least a 24-inch diameter hole in a double reinforced eight-inch concrete wall, and provide a breach point for dismounted infantry to enter a building.’ ‘Get some AT-4 bunker buster … H‰Tà-Tà5Ò32U0 B]=sSsCßÔÀTÏT!9W�W?3×ÄÒHÁ%Ÿ Õ v endobj endstream [8], A number of problems emerged with the initial design, notably the early versions of the rocket motors which sometimes ejected bits of fuel still on fire and presented a hazard to the gunners. <>stream 439 0 obj endobj In September 1970 three training battalions had formed up and by 30 September 1970 the TOW had replaced the Army's existing heavy anti-tank weapon, the M40 recoilless rifle. 477 0 obj [35] Groups provided with TOWs include the Hazzm Movement, the 13th Division, 1st Coastal Division, Syria Revolutionaries Front, Yarmouk Army, Knights of Justice Brigade, and the 101st Division. The TOW ITAS consists of three new line replaceable units: the target acquisition subsystem (TAS), the fire control subsystem (FCS), and the lithium battery box (LBB); a modified TOW 2 traversing unit; the existing TOW launch tube and tripod; and a TOW Humvee modification kit. TOW is a tube-launched, optically-tracked, wireless-guided (TOW) weapon system, with the multimission TOW 2A, TOW 2B, TOW 2B Aero and TOW Bunker Buster missiles, is the premier long-range, precision anti-armor, anti-fortification and anti-amphibious landing weapon system used throughout the world today. endstream 464 0 obj 545 0 obj This was assigned to the TOW Project Office on 5 April 1970.[8]. H‰Tà-Tà5Ô3U0 B]=sSCSS Pr®¯~f®‰¥‰‚K>/ ²Ë± An M41 tripod-mounted TOW ITAS-FTL with PADS of the U.S. Army in. [7] It can be found in a wide variety of manually carried and vehicle-mounted forms, as well as widespread use on helicopters. First produced in 1970, TOW is one of the most widely used anti-tank guided missiles. endobj The most recent addition to the ITAS system is the ITAS-FTL (far target location), which incorporates a new module called PADS (position attitude determination subsystem), a device that attaches to the top of the ITAS sighting unit and uses differential GPS tracking to relay precise coordinate data to the operator.[18]. TAS electronics provide automatic boresighting for these components, eliminating both tactical collimation and 180-day verification requirements. H‰Tà-Tà5Ò32U0 B]=sSK=SS…ä\^ıÌ\S#C—|^ »¤Ş The missile is designed to destroy explosive re… endobj 542 0 obj <>stream endstream Such a warhead carries more energy than a warhead with chemical explosives (kinetic energy of a projectile at hypervelocity). endstream H‰Tà-Tà5Ô3U0 B]=sS3KSs…ä\^ıÌ\3—|^ £¯W 496 0 obj 474 0 obj endobj endobj Seeing this might be a major problem in the short term, TOW simply dropped the helicopter-launch requirement. Budget approval for development was granted in January 1963 as the XM65 TOW, and the final development contract, the first 100 percent cost-plus-incentive-fee, was signed on 3 May 1963. H‰Tà-Tà5Õ32U0 B]=sSsijdNÎUàÕÏÌ516PpÉç ß� ° endobj 450 0 obj Weeks later they would formally place the blame on Aidid, leader of the Habr Gidr clan. H‰Tà-Tà5Ö37U0 B]ËÜDš˜é™*$ç*ğêgæšX˜(¸äó àB ¼ X-7 was never fully developed before the war ended. H‰Tà-Tà5Ô3U0 B]=sS3s ×ÔÀD!9W�W?3×ÔĞPÁ%Ÿ ²ñª endobj Development started in 1948 with the first rounds fired in 1952. endstream H‰Tà-Tà5Ô3U0 B]=sSsC=#SS3•œ«À«Ÿ™kba¤à’Ï Ô¢ u The BGM-71H (TOW 2A bunker buster) is used against buildings and field fortifications and has a range of 2.3 miles (3.75 km). It increasingly replaced the French ENTAC missiles purchased earlier.[8]. endobj endstream endstream endstream 489 0 obj endobj Once this concludes, the launch motor fires through the rear nozzle propelling the missile from the tube: this soft-launch motor fires for only 0.05 seconds[10] and burns out before the missile has exited the tube. After the tracker captures the missile, IR sensors bore-sighted to the daysight tracker continuously monitor the position of an IR beacon on the missile's tail relative to the line-of-sight, with the FCS generating course corrections which are sent via the command link to the missile's integral flight control unit. endobj H‰Tà-Tà5Ö37U0 B]ËÂTÏTÁÔÀÄNÎUàÕÏÌ550SpÉç Ö› � The Kornet-EM is a multi-purpose anti-tank guided weapon system manufactured by KBP Instrument Design Bureau. H‰Tà-Tà52×37U0 B]ËÂRÏÈTÁÔÈÄIÎUàÕÏÌ516WpÉç êL ğ <>stream <>stream All three companies concluded the concept was able to be produced. <>stream endstream The M2 can also carry seven additional rounds, while the M3 can carry twelve. [9] The weapon is used in anti-armor, anti-bunker, anti-fortification and anti-amphibious landing roles. The player can effectively steer the missile while in flight onto the target. endstream In the aftermath, it was revealed that Aidid was not in the meeting. H‰Tà-Tà5Ô3U0 B]=sSCSs…ä\^ıÌ\sc—|^ £&M 451 0 obj <>stream <>stream [40][better source needed] In October 2015, Saudi Arabia delivered 500 TOW missiles to anti-Assad rebels. <>stream H‰Tà-Tà5Ô3U0 B]=sSCS…ä\^ıÌ\SCs—|^ ¢íI 4,200m for TOW-2B Aero, 3,750 m for TOW-2B. <>stream endstream <>stream endobj endstream endobj H‰Tà-Tà53S0 BC=SSC #9W�W?3×ÄÄRÁ%Ÿ œ’) H‰Tà-Tà5V0 B]=sS3S=#SSS=S…ä\^ıÌ\K—|^ ºæã A US Marine carrying a BTM-71E practice round. An F-117 Nighthawk engages its target and drops a bunker buster during a testing mission at Hill Air Force Base, Utah. H‰Tà-Tà5Ò32U0 B]=sS33S3�Xr®¯~f®‰…�‚K>/ Ä Evaluations by the US Army in 1953 concluded it was not ready for operations, but that its progress should be tracked. 440 0 obj H‰Tà-Tà5Ô3U0 B]=sS3KSS Pr®¯~f®‰¥¡‚K>/ ³>´ The TOW … <>stream H‰Tà-Tà52W0 B]=sSSijd gª�œ«À«Ÿ™kbb¢à’Ï Ä: 470 0 obj 537 0 obj endstream When the bomb hits the earth, it is like a massive nail shot from a nail gun. H‰Tà-Tà5Ò32U0 B]=sSsSij`ªgª�œ«À«Ÿ™kbi¬à’Ï Õõ € The Red Cross claimed that 54 people had been killed, Admiral Jonathan T. Howe reported that 20 had died, while Aidid's Somali National Alliance produced a list of 73 people whom they claimed had been killed. <>stream [24] This was probably the first encounter of the American anti-tank missile with the newer Soviet tank.[25]. <>stream endobj H‰Tà-TàµT0 B]=sSSS= a "“sxõ3sM,,\òy³”¾ Aerojet's first delivery of the warhead is planned for September of 2006. [51], Time to target at maximum range is 20 seconds therefore giving an average speed of 187.5 m/s. The IR source also had issues due to its use of a fine metal filament that ignited the arc lamp which often broke during firing, but repeated tests and modifications solved this. endobj <>stream <>stream [8], XM26 was initially developed by a separate organization within BRL, the Aircraft Weapons Commodity Office. The missile then corrects its flight path via the control surface actuators. [46], Reports say that the TOW missile has successfully hit Russian T-90s in Syria, which are equipped with active defences designed to defeat such missiles. H‰Tà-Tà5Ó37U0 B]ËÒ@ÁÔÀÄJÎUàÕÏÌ550WpÉç ÅK H‰Tà-TàµĞ32U0 B]=sSS3ßÔÀÄIÎUàÕÏÌ5±´TpÉç ߸ ¼ H‰Tà-TàµÔ37U0 B]ËÔL˜é™*$ç*ğêg暘[*¸äó à³ À H‰Tà-Tà5Ô3U0 B]=sSsC=#SS…ä\^ıÌ\SCc—|^ ºÆÙ Aerojet's contract is valued at more than $8 million. [15] Although this missile has been in production since 2004, no U.S. Army designation has yet been assigned. In its basic infantry form, the system breaks down into a number of modules: a folding tripod mount, a launch tube (into the rear of which encased missiles are inserted), a mandatory daysight tracker unit, which can be augmented with an optional AN/TAS-4 or AN/TAS-4/A gas-cooled night sight (or an all-in-one tracker unit on the M41 ITAS version), and a traversing unit, which mounts onto the tripod and carries the launch tube and sight, that also includes the weapon's trigger and the bridging clamp, which mates with the missile's umbilical data connector. By the end of May, BGM-71 TOW missiles had accumulated 24 confirmed kills of both PT-76 light and T-54 main battle tanks. 524 0 obj endobj endobj <>stream endobj Washington Post News Service 22 August 1972, עפר שלח ויואב לימור, "שבויים בלבנון, האמת על מלחמת לבנון השנייה", הוצאת ידיעות ספרים, 2007, עמוד 327 (Hebrew), United States tri-service rocket designations post-1963, Office of Ordnance Research and Development, United States Army Aviation and Missile Command, List of U.S. Army Rocket Launchers By Model Number, "DOUBLE BARREL TOW MISSILE HEADED FOR INSURGENTS - NO SLACK", "Etat islamique: comment les djihadistes emploient les missiles antichars pour appuyer leurs offensives", "TOW Anti-Tank Guided Missile - Military-Today.com", "Official US Army history of TOW (9th paragraph)", "M-220 Tube-launched, Optically-tracked, Wire-guided missile (TOW)", "The Augusta Chronicle: Local & World News, Sports & Entertainment in Augusta, GA", "Hughes / Raytheon BGM-71 TOW / TOW-2 Heavy Anti-Tank (AT) Weapon System - United States", "Raytheon awarded $349 million US Army contract for TOW missiles", "TOW System Upgrade Goes To Troops In Afghanistan", "M2 Bradley – Infantry Fighting Vehicle (IFV) – History, Specs and Pictures – Military Tanks, Vehicles and Artillery", "As a Former Marine, America's War-Making Haunts Me—It Should Haunt Our Politicians Too", "Chronology: How the Mosul raid unfolded", "Syria Countrywide Conflict Report No. endstream endstream endobj 509 0 obj [19] On 2 May 1972, U.S. Army UH-1 Huey helicopters firing TOWs destroyed North Vietnamese People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) tanks near An Loc. endstream endstream endstream It is delivered with the Su-24M and the Su-27IB aircraft. H‰Tà-Tà5Ô3U0 B]=sSsC=#SSs'9W�W?3×ÄÔRÁ%Ÿ Õ  494 0 obj Launch, trailing wire is clearly noticeable. The fragmenting, high-explosive warhead used in the TOW Bunker Buster missile can breach or destroy a multitude of target sets, especially in the urban environment. H‰Tà-TàµT0 B]=sSSs0i`¬gdª�œ«À«Ÿ™kjd¬à’Ï Äˆ This means that the guidance system is directly linked to the platform, and requires that the target be kept in the shooter's line of sight until the missile impacts. endstream TOW systems have also been developed for vehicle specific applications on the M2/M3 Bradley IFV/CFV, the LAV-AT, the M1134 Stryker ATGM carrier, and the now retired M901 ITV (Improved TOW Vehicle); they are generally referred to as TOW Under Armor (TUA).

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