Plant Physiology 163:21-29. 3) Acquisition of germplasm from foreign genebanks or directly from the wild is becoming even less practical for US researchers. 2011. Kittipadukal, P.,Bethke, P.C.,Jansky, S.H. Single copy nuclear gene analysis of polyploidy in wild potatoes (Solanum section Petota). doi: 10.3198/jpr2013.05.0024crg. We will use our tissue culture facilities and expertise to start working on use of microbes for bioassays and as selection agents. Yield gains in potato: Contributing factors and future prospects. René Gomez NRSP6 stocks and research have national value because they... Challenge 1: We must enhance the sustainability, competitiveness, and profitability of U.S. food and agricultural systems. Press Yes to logout current user. [We will continue to test methods of selecting core collections for more efficient germplasm sampling. Not only are the seeds, tubers, and plant tissue used to make investments throughout the world, but the germplasm is managed to keep it healthy. Cultivated Potato Germplasm Collection. Potato Genebank is just that a bank containing 5,000 populations kept as botanical seed, encompassing about 150 species. Make collaborative partnerships with high-profile national and international potato experts and contribute to scientific meetings. Records. Conduct annual self-review of overall project progress each year with local staff, and individual staff performance evaluations. The mission of NRSP-6 is to facilitate improvements in the potato of the future by promoting the use of valuable exotic genes found in wild potato germplasm. Here are the reasons why there is a continued need and relevance of NRSP6 service to stakeholders, and why US scientists (and foreign ones) will depend on NRSP6 germplasm more in the future: Bamberg, JB and JC Miller, Jr. Chung. 2014. Cultivated Potato Curator Grandillo, S., R. Chetelat, S.K. Taxonomic studies using both molecular and classical techniques were employed to determine stable species boundaries, condensing the over 200 species names of the past to less than 100. Taxonomy of cultivated potatoes (Solanum section Petota: Solanaceae). We will make photographs and tissue samples of the field tubers of the cultivar collection and post them online. Douches, and C.R. Other initiatives that will contribute to these general goals are increasing net yield by reducing storage losses, and capitalizing on virtual demand by removing the physiological limits to potato production due to the climate, diseases and pests. In the past 5-year project term, production value in the US increased 27% from 3.3 to 4.4 billion dollars, increasing dramatically in many states (see Figure 1). The genebank is the focus of NRSP6, but we must keep in mind that the genebank has only a sample of what is available in the wild. Because of extensive potato cultivation of potato worldwide, reducing the need for chemical inputs in the potato crop through genetic means could significantly reduce the exposure to agrichemicals (manufacture, transport, storage, grower, consumer). 2013. From this study, curves to predict in vitro growth over time for Chilotanum germplasm in different culture media are available for using in active potato bank operation. This effort included maintenance of data, performing seed and in vitro increases, purity tests, disease tests, germination tests, chromosome counts, field grow-outs, better scheduling of pollination to catch parents at their peak (see Appendix A3). 2011. Potato Progress (Washington State Potato Commission): 12(1):2-3. Jansky, S.H., Y.S. Grants and Collaborators. (i) Strengthening the sustainable management of potato biodiversity in farmer’s fields through participatory activities for the maintenance of diversity and mitigation of risks from climate change, pest and diseases. All these point to an increasing need for the "new blood" available in NRSP6 exotic germplasm. Germplasm data. All of this data pertinent to the needs of germplasm users is available 24/7 online. Plant germplasm contains the genetic information for the plant’s hereditary makeup. Deliver germplasm and services. Fajardo, D., S.S. Jayanty, and S.H. We studied the genomic diversity of geminiviruses present in naturally-infected sweet potato accessions belonging to a Brazilian germplasm bank collection. A large part of the CIP genebank materi-als have been available since 1972 and many accessions have been the source of desired traits for potato breeding. Palta, J. and J. Bamberg. Spooner and S.H. Local administration is by the ARS Project Leader, ARS and UW staff and associated ARS scientists and administration at Madison. They serve as subject matter experts to guide curatorial staff on best practices, including the priorities and techniques for characterizing the collections. We will use our tissue culture facilities and expertise to start working on interaction of microbes and potato, particularly variation for potato as a prebiotic. See Appendix A5 for scheme for systematic mining and study of germplasm traits. Jansky, S.H., A. Hamernik, and Y.S. ABSTRACT. Pesticide contamination has little effect on the genetic diversity of potato species. USDA/ARS and USDA/APHIS also provide data management services through GRIN, and for quarantine, respectively. This is a big task to manage seeds, data and information and computers are used for these purposes. We will also use greenhouse and field resources at remote locations with cooperators at the UW-Hancock field station. r.gomez@cgiar.org, CIP Headquarters Avenida La Molina 1895, La Molina Apartado 1558, Lima 12, Peru These activities are done in close collaboration with the Andean farmers and communities in the Peruvian highlands. Spooner, D.M. Potato Research 55:27-40. because seed production in these crops is poor. Attract publicity in popular media and communicate to scientists through published scientific research papers involving NRSP6 germplasm. Spooner. Goals / Objectives Evaluate the collection for as many important traits as possible. 87-96 In: Salick, J., Konchar, K. & Nesbitt, M. (eds). Extend global outreach and awareness of NRSP6 through involvement in the Association of Potato Intergenebank Collaborators (APIC) and international cooperators on an ad hoc basis. ARS staff share equipment and participate in cooperative research with their state HORT peers. A number of ECPGR Central Crop Databases have been established through the initiative of individual institutes and of ECPGR Working Groups. See Appendix E and F for details of structure and contributions. 2011. The University of Wisconsin Peninsula Agricultural Research Station at Sturgeon Bay (PARS) will continue to be the headquarters of NRSP6. Acquire germplasm. Syst Bot 36:1062-1067. Small tubers are typical of wild potato species, but they represent a veritable treasure chest of … Am J Pot Res 88:398-402. Research using biocultural collections, pp. Potato wild relatives are important sources of novel variation for the genetic improvement of the cultivated potato. Staff attend all meetings of the advisory committee for genebank directors (PGOC) and the committee for the national germplasm management database (GRIN). As already mentioned, improved potato has outstanding potential to have a significant health and nutrition impact on a population basis because it already has a regular, high level of consumption across all demographic categories in the US. Note also that the titles of staff publications in Appendix B indicate how NRSP6 staff discovered attributes of the germplasm that make it more useful to germplasm cooperators. Solanum section Lycopersicon, pp 129-216. 2013. These were preserved with maximum genetic integrity in viable, disease-free form available for distribution. Full documentation of the project accomplishments is provided on the project website link "Administrative Reports" : http://www.ars-grin.gov/nr6/admin.html. Continue to advise on selection of research germplasm, and the most appropriate form and techniques by which to study or hybridize it. A microsatellite and morphological assessment of the VIR cultivated potato collection. Resistance to Alternaria solani in hybrids between a Solanum tuberosum haploid and S. raphanifolium. A total of 80 percent of the world’s potato and sweetpotato cultivars are housed at the gene bank. NRSP6 is a fully-engaged member of the National Plant Germplasm System. More exotic germplasm is available and used for potato than for any other major crop. Ovchinnikova, A., E. Krylova, T. Gavrilenko, T. Smekalova, M. Zhuk, S. Knaap, and D.M. Over 70% of potato varieties grown in the US have germplasm in their pedigrees from the … Chung, and P. Kittipadukal. Species names were assigned to all new accessions. Maintain on-site and remote backup collections at the National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation (NCGRP) at Ft. Collins, CO. germplasm bank, we carried out numerous sweet potato-collecting expeditions in regions with an altitude above 700 meters in this region; 116 genotypes currently comprise this collection. NRSP6 does and coordinates all these things for the potato research community, avoiding the confusion, inefficiency and costs associated with duplication of these efforts by many individuals. Charging fees for services has been suggested several times in the past, but always determined to be impractical and counterproductive because implementation would be costly and complicated, it would depress germplasm distribution and use, and, it would contradict USDA policy of free exchange and perhaps inhibit donations of germplasm to NRSP6. Lindqvist-Kreuze, H., K. Cho, L. Portal, F. Rodríguez, R. Simon, LL. We will: Manage staff time and budget to maximize efficiency and flexibility. We will investigate and develop a program for virus-freeing any infected genebank or research stocks.]. Ed. Distribute germplasm, associated data and advice to all researchers and breeders in a timely, efficient, and impartial manner. Germplasm stocks. University of Wisconsin contributions. So, dependence on raw materials we have in-country at NRSP6 is greater than ever. Syst Bot 36:163-170. Movement of sweet potato germplasm In order to minimize risk, effective testing (indexing) procedures are required to ensure that distributed materials are free of pests of quarantine concern. Acquire germplasm to expand genetic diversity contained in the US Solanum germplasm collection. Annual collection trips in the US will be made to acquire new germplasm and to gather materials for research investigations on collecting methods and the relationship of in situ to ex situ genetic diversity. 1) No other public or private programs have come forward to provide the unique services of NRSP6. R&D for best techniques and tools for germplasm collecting, preservation, and evaluation. 2011. Potato has had obvious appeal—it is relatively cheap, good-tasting in many forms, and filling. Exotic germplasm has had great genetic impact and opportunities. POTATO GERMPLASM EXPEDITION TO CHILE, 1990 Austral de Chile, the Instituto de Agronomico per L'Oltremare, Venice, Italy and at the National Research Support Program-6 (NRSP-6, formerly known as the Inter-Regional Potato Introduction Project, IR … For farmers and consumers, genetic solutions through germplasm are increasingly important. Spooner, I. Peralta, M. Cammareri, O. Perez, P. Termolino, P. Tripode, M.L. Challenge 7: We must strengthen individual, family, and community development and resilience. NRSP6 staff routinely give tours, talks to public school classes and other groups. Khiutti, A.,Afanasenko, O.,Antonova, O.,Shuvalov, O.,Novikova, L.,Krylova, E.,Chalaya, N.,Mironenko, N.,Spooner, D.M.,Gavrilenko, T. Characterization of resistance to Synchytrium endobioticum in cultivated potato accessions from the collection of Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry. 2011. Uribe, P., S. Jansky, and D. Halterman. The collection was placed in the CIP Huancayo Experimental Station of Santa Ana-INIA Huancayo. Cancer has surpassed heart disease as the leading cause of deaths of all individuals except the very old. 2011. Ercolano, L. Fruschiante, L. Monte, and D. Pignone. Jansky. 2011. Research supported by NRSP6 will continue to find ways to make a crop that is more efficient at using fertilizer and water inputs and can naturally resist pests and diseases. It is the only important crop in Europe that is vegetatively propagated, which raises particular problems in the genetic resources activities. 285-301.In: Salick, J., Konchar, K. & Nesbitt, M. (eds). b. NRSP6 provides enabling technologies and materials. Technical research. 3:1003-1013. In: Yield Gains in Major U.S. Field Crops. Rapid cycling with true potato seed. All germplasm should be tested for the absence of viruses in the country of origin, in an intermediate quarantine centre, or in post-entry quarantine 7 Simon, R., A.F. Hold TAC meeting on-site every other year to report, tour facilities, provide “face time” with all local staff, and solicit management input from national experts. The genebank at the International Potato Center (CIP) began with a donation from the Peruvian National Potato Program of approximately 1,800 potato accessions comprising traditional cultivars. Potato is cultivated across a broader range of latitudes than any other major crop. S. Smith, B. Diers, B. 2011. The Research Leader (acting) is Kathy Esvelt Klos. This can be achieved through lower input costs keeping all other factors steady. This is not a static process, but must evolve with the advance of science and as needs and opportunities change over time. We correspond meaningfully with recipients of each order to make sure their needs were completely met, ask for suggestions or other ways we could improve service. We will continue breeding toward an ideal universal diploid cultivated tuberosum parent for introgressing diploid exotic wild germplasm. ] Samples of 30 fruits were collected from each available plant in the Germplasm Bank located in Presidente Prudente, Brazil. 2013. Asymmetric single-strand conformation polymorphism: an accurate and cost-effective method to amplify and sequence allelic variants. Genome 55:407-415. Germplasm Health in Preventing Transboundary Spread of Pests and Pathogens. More exotic germplasm is available and used for potato than for any other major crop. Potato accounts for about 30% of all vegetable consumption in the US. NRSP6 publications and use of stock in new cultivars is documented in Appendix B. NRSP6 staff: UW provides accounting services for the NRSP6 budget. Comparisons of ga1 with other reputed gibberellin mutants in potato. Am J Bot 98:1061-1067. Germplasm can theoretically remain viable for centuries. 2011. Phytopathology 102:214-221. Seed Science and Technology 40:43-50. 2014. Curating DNA specimens, pp. Challenge 4: We must play a global leadership role to ensure a safe, secure, and abundant food supply for the United States and the world. The Potato Genebank in some respects is like a financial bank. Spooner, D., Jansky, S., Clausen, A., del Rosario Herrera, M. ,Ghislain, M. The Enigma of Solanum maglia. del Rio, A., J. Bamberg and J. Penafiel. Aging baby-boomers are expected to exacerbate these already severe challenges to national health and insurance costs. NRSP6 established an email group and offers stocks and services 3-4 times per year. Audience and visibility. The Commonwealth Potato Collection is the UK’s genebank of landrace and wild potatoes held in trust by the James Hutton Institute with the support of the Scottish Government. Germplasm is usually seed, or it can be another plant part -- a stem, a leaf, or pollen, for example, or even just a few cells that can be cultured into a whole plant. Maintain health. Spooner, D.M., and H. Ruess. Among the 45 years of existence of the potato genebank the number of cultivated potato accessions peaked at 17,326 accessions. Genebank staff are actively working on modeling climate change and predicting impact on in situ populations. NRSP6 staff will continue to evaluate and develop mutants and other selections that will be formally deposited in the genebank. Just as those institutions don’t simply squirrel money away in vaults, neither does the Genebank with germplasm. Cell and organ banks: A germplasm collection based on cryopreserved (at – 196 O C in liquid nitrogen) embryogenic cell cultures, somatic/ zygotic embryos is called cell and organ bank. Thus, the effects of climate change could be different in different growing regions, and require the screening for multiple new traits in exotic germplasm which can be incorporated into the crop. Weber, B.N., Jansky, S.H. Jansky, S.H., P. C. Bethke, and D. M. Spooner. In: C. Kole (ed.). cpDNA SSR POLYMORPHISM IN SECONDARY GERMPLASM OF POTATO MAINTAINED IN CZECH GENE BANK Dukagjin Zeka1,*, Petr Sedlak1, Vladimira Sedlakova1, Jakub Vasek1, Jaroslava Domkarova2 and Pavel Vejl1 1Department of Genetic and Breeding, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Establish an email group and website with which to keep in regular contact with germplasm users and participate fully with GRIN. (Abstract) Successful prediction of genetic richness at wild potato collection sites in Southeastern Arizona. Classify accessions with species names which will serve as stable identifiers, and promote efficient utilization. del Rio, Alfonso H., JB Bamberg, Ruth Centeno Diaz, J. Soto, A. Salas, W. Roca and D. Tay. Am J Pot Res 89:33. American Journal of Potato Research. We will pursue extension of clean tuber seed production systems in Latin American countries that need it to systematically evaluate NRSP6 germplasm.]. We have a general educational outreach through brochures, website, and popular press. At Universidad Nacional de Colombia the potato "criollas" germplasm bank is mantained. Haynes, and S.H. No fees for service. Scientists in every state benefit from advance of knowledge published by researchers using NRSP6 germplasm. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank the Chilean Ministry of Agriculture and the Project “Conservación de Recursos Genéticos” 501453-70 for funding and support. NRSP6 provides users with a central source of current germplasm information: What is available in US and globally, taxonomic relationships, natural origin, characterization and evaluation data with respect to useful traits. Phytopath 101:205-212. for returning member. As CGC chair, Project Leader must survey germplasm evaluation needs. In brief: The Project leadership is composed of ARS employees who must interact with ARS administration and be subject to performance evaluation related to NRSP6 service appointments. Worldwide production grew 13% from 323 to 365 million tons. Phytopath 101:1074-1080. Spooner, and S.H. Spooner. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Associated base research budgets from ARS scientists and various sources of outside grant funds also support technical research, labor, supplies and equipment that directly enhance NRSP6 service. Knapp, D.M. We will systematically test bridge-crossing techniques to bring S. jamesii and similar primitive diploids into the breeding pool. Strive to make prudent decisions on what we should do in-house and what should be contracted or purchased. There is a US-based international association of researchers devoted to potato with Breeding and Genetics taking a prominent role (The Potato Association of America). Most of Latin America is currently closed to US germplasm collecting. Hirsch, C.N., C.D. Curating Biocultural Collections. US and world production has grown impressively in the past five years. CIP began cryopreserving potatoes in 1996 and after experimenting with a wide range of protocols and variables, the CIP genebank adopted a PVS2-droplet method, originally developed for the Musa (banana) collection. The entire clonal collection is conserved in vitro and distributed internationally as tissue cultured materials. That means less impact on the environment through less use of pesticides. Sixty-five years of public support of this genebank has resulted in the collection of over 5,000 items of germplasm for the world’s most important non-cereal crop. Retrospective view of North American potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) breeding in the 20th and 21st centuries. A test of taxonomic and biogeographic predictivity: Resistance to potato virus Y in wild relatives of the cultivated potato. American Journal of Potato Research. [We will expand the website offering of germplasm handling tips to include short video clips].

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