Die Restseen des größten Tagebaus der Welt, der Kupfermine Chuquicamata in Chile, haben eine Fläche von 48 km². An area of land underlain by one or more coal seams. • Oxygen … Likely costs for AMD mitigation in Australia, Canada, Sweden and the USA, e. g., are US-$ 300 m, US-$ 1,900 – 5,300 m, US-$ 900 m and US-$ 32,000 – 72,000 m, respectively (2). Schematic representation of a hypothetical passive treatment facility with an anoxic limestone drain (ALD), successive alkalinity-producing system (SAPS), oxidation pond, and aerobic wetland. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Water Conservation and Wastewater Treatment in BRICS Nations, Biotechnological Tools for Remediation of Acid Mine Drainage (Removal of Metals From Wastewater and Leachate), Bio-Geotechnologies for Mine Site Rehabilitation, Life Cycle Analysis of Power Generation Systems, Mulberry and Vetiver for Phytostabilization of Mine Overburden, Treatise on Geochemistry (Second Edition), Comprehensive Water Quality and Purification, Abandoned Mine Land Reclamation—Challenges and Opportunities (Holistic Approach), Favas et al., 2016c; Macías et al., 2017; Taylor et al., 2005, Costello, 2003; Favas et al., 2016c; Taylor et al., 2005; Trumm, 2010, Favas et al., 2016c; Macías et al., 2017; Skousen, 1995; Skousen et al., 2017. Dolbear & Associates, Inc., 2009). Many such waters are associated with mining, and mines tend to be located where treatment systems requiring operating expertise or maintenance is quite challenging, so a passive wetland system meets requirements related to remote locations. The bell pit is an obsolete form of mining whereby a vertical shaft was dug into the ground to the level of the coal seam. This is because some mining companies allow acid mine water to flow into streams, dams and sources of groundwater. • It results from the oxidation of sulfide minerals inherent in some ore bodies and the surrounding rocks. Beide Prozesse müssen dabei zusammenwirken, eine rein abiotische Oxidation, also ohne die speziellen Mikroorganismen, verläuft etwa 10.000 mal langsamer. When the mining process exposes the sulfides to water and air, together they react to form sulfuric acid. Arsenic and selenium form oxyanions, which behave very differently from metals and metalloids. A slope is an inclined excavation extending from the ground surface to the coal seam, whereas a shaft is a vertical excavation from the ground surface to the coal seam. This can be very dangerous as it can cause harm even after the mining has stopped. Sulfat durch spezielle Bakterien und Archaeen. Introduction sulfides exposed. Acid mine Drainage: drawbacks to traditional treatments, there are some Innovative Treatment Technologies for U.S benefits that make them widespread and in some case Environment Protection Agency. However, according to Johnson and Hallberg (2005), a more useful categorization is between treatment technologies that rely on biological activities (“biological strategies”) and those that do not (“abiotic strategies”). A permanent heavily supported tunnel constructed at the bottom of an entry slope or shaft that is driven in two directions through a steeply pitching coal seam. JA. Acid mine drainage (AMD), a waste from mining sites is highly acidic, rich source of sulfate and heavy metals. Active systems include neutralization with chemicals (e.g., adding lime), aeration, off-line sulfidogenic bioreactors, etc. The production of drainage with low pH and high dissolved metal concentrations can also occur naturally (acid rock drainage or ARD) through the weathering of pyrite and other mineral ores. Water pits filled with acid mine drainage at the Tulsequah Chief mine in northwestern B.C. Lernen Sie die Übersetzung für 'acid mine drainage' in LEOs Englisch ⇔ Deutsch Wörterbuch. Eine Nutzung als Trinkwasserreservoir oder für Freizeitaktivitäten ist nur nach aufwändiger Wasseraufbereitung möglich. Current cleanup systems use inexpensive limestone beds to remove the metals and neutralize the pH. Following retreat mining, the mined area is abandoned. In other words, AMD can also be stated as outflow of the acidic water from mining sites. By applying SR, the pH of the groundwater was increased from 2.5 to 8.5.30,68 The gas containing the sulfide was brought in contact with copper-containing leach water that also contained small amounts of zinc and iron. AMD is caused when water flows over or through sulfur-bearing materials forming solutions of net acidity. Naturally-occurring bacteria can ac- celerate AMD production by assisting in the breakdown The mining of certain minerals, including gold, of sulfide minerals. New title. Acid Mine Drainage Effects on the Environment . Acid Mine Drainage, Rock Drainage, and Acid Sulfate Soils: Causes, Assessment, Prediction, Prevention, and Remediation | Jacobs, James A., Lehr, Jay H., Testa, Stephen M. | ISBN: 9780470487860 | Kostenloser Versand für alle Bücher mit Versand und Verkauf duch Amazon. Mit Flexionstabellen der verschiedenen Fälle und Zeiten Aussprache und … The effluent from the aerobic system then can enter a wetland and the remaining metals may be treated by adsorption and sulfide precipitation. Acid mine drainage is acidic water laden with iron, sulfate, and other metals that forms under natural conditions when strata containing pyrite are exposed to the atmosphere or oxidizing environments. Continuous miners work in conjunction with conveyor systems to move the mined coal out of the mine. Passive systems include (e.g., Favas et al., 2016c; Macías et al., 2017; Skousen, 1995; Skousen et al., 2017): open limestone channels, anoxic limestone drains, dispersed alkaline substrate, aerobic wetlands, anaerobic “wetlands”/compost reactors, successive alkalinity-producing systems, permeable reactive barriers, packed-bed iron-oxidation bioreactors, etc. Neutralization (or pH control) is the most commonly used AMD treatment for both active and passive treatment systems. Keywords: Acid Mine Drainage; Mining; Environmental; Chemical and biological treatment 1. Acid mine drainage, or acid rock drainage (ARD) is the outflow of a cidic water due to mining of metals or coal. What is Acid Mine Drainage Sources of Non-point Source Pollution Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is currently the main pollutant of surface water in the mid-Atlantic region. In 1995, 2400 of 54,000 miles of streams in Pennsylvania were polluted by acid mine drainage from old mining operations. Die Eisen- und Schwefel-Oxidation verursachenden Bakterien und Archaeen werden nämlich durch höhere pH-Werte gehemmt. Since the action in such systems focuses on the microbial dynamics and adsorption onto organic matter, plants tend to be an afterthought, and some systems are designed without plants, as ‘biocells’. Paulo J.C. Favas, ... Majeti N.V. Prasad, in Bio-Geotechnologies for Mine Site Rehabilitation, 2018. AMD comes mainly from abandoned coal mines and currently active mining. Where Acid Mine Drainage Happens It mostly occurs where mining is done to extract coal or metals from sulfur-bearing rocks. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. The oxidation of pyrite and other sulfide minerals in the presence of oxidizing bacteria results in the production of acids. M.N.V. AMD treatment technologies are commonly categorized as “passive” or “active,” both potentially combining physical, chemical, and biological approaches (e.g., Favas et al., 2016c; Macías et al., 2017; Taylor et al., 2005). The term is used in longwall mining where a panel is a rectangular block, or pillar, of coal, the size of which is determined by the surrounding workings which is ultimately completely mined. Anthracite is the highest rank of coal, containing 1.5 wt.% sulfur, 4% moisture, 7% volatile matter, 86–97% fixed carbon, and about 10% ash and has a heating value of about 13 500 BTU/lb (G.E. The room at the bottom of the shaft would be enlarged to the point of collapse at which point a new bell pit would be dug. Acid mine... Life Cycle Analysis of Power Generation Systems. The organics used to make such wetlands are generally inexpensive plant matter or compost. Active treatment methods have a smaller footprint and are more reliable than passive systems, but have generally a high capital cost and high ongoing operation and maintenance costs, due to regular maintenance fees (e.g., chemical reagents, mechanical systems, labor input) for continuous operation (Costello, 2003; Favas et al., 2016c; Taylor et al., 2005; Trumm, 2010). Mine tailings range from highly acidic (pH 2) to alkaline (pH 9), depending on the carbonate content and acid-generating potential. Gangways usually contain mine car tracks that are used to haul the mined coal to the slope or shaft, deliver men and equipment to the working faces, and to provide a conduit for ventilating the mine. Stanley R. Michalski, in Coal and Peat Fires: A Global Perspective, 2011. Acid Mine Drainage. A type of underground mine where an opening or entry is made into an exposed coal seam, usually in the side of a hill. Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a very acidic solution that is high in concentrations of metals such as copper, arsenic, aluminum, zinc, and iron [Natarajan, 2018]. Acid mine drainage (AMD) is typically characterized by low pH and high dissolved iron. Flow schemes of sulfate-reducing applications with (A) the Kennecott process scheme and (B) process scheme for selective metal recovery. Constructed wetlands are particularly attractive for the treatment of metal-containing waters. Biological treatment has emerged as efficient, cost-effective, and eco-friendly alternative for remediation of AMD. M.W. Hauptquelle sind Abraumhalden, die durch Verwitterung immer wieder zu einer Nachsäuerung führen. The technology can recover useful heat in the process that can be used to generate electricity or heat water. Westwood Water provides expertise to mining companies with Acid Mine Drainage issues looking for treatment or recycling options. Saure Grubenwässer entstehen durch eine komplexe Kopplung abiotischer und mikrobieller Oxidationen von sulfidischen Mineralen. While measures have been put in place to minimize the effects of acid mine drainage, it still occurs in abandoned mines as well a small percentage of new mines. The mine has been discharging waste into the transboundary salmon-bearing Taku River for 60 years. Prasad, ... S. Suthari, in Bioremediation and Bioeconomy, 2016. Copper sulfide could selectively be recovered and directly fed to the smelter. The acid mine drainage may also contain high amounts of CO2 which forms carbonic acid and further depresses the pH. Lens, in Comprehensive Biotechnology (Third Edition), 2011. 2016c. Mine drainage refers to any surface water or groundwater that drains from an active or abandoned mining operation. the preferred alternative. Soweit saure Grubenwässer im Zusammenhang mit Bergbau auftreten, stellen sie deshalb Bergbaufolgeschäden dar. AMD is an urgent environmental issue in mining regions as it makes the affected water uninhabitable, devastating the ecosystem. Die Pyrit-Oxidation ist auch als Pyritverwitterung bekannt. AMDs from abandoned mines: hydrochemistry, environmental impact, resource recovery, and prevention of pollution. M.F.M. Drainage AMD is not only a waste stream but also a resource for valuable metals. The ratio of the amount of soil and rock overburden excavated to the coal recovered. In general, rocks that contain valuable metals usually contain sulfides (metals combined with sulfur). Photo: Chris Miller via CSM Photos . Saure Grubenwässer, häufig auch Acid Mine Drainage (AMD), auf deutsch auch bekannt unter den Bezeichnungen saure Abflüsse, saure Bergbauwässer, saure Haldenwässer, saure Sickerwässer und saure Bergbauausflüsse, sind saure Wässer mit hohen Gehalten an gelösten Metall-, Halbmetall- und Sulfat-Ionen, die aus Erzlagerstätten, Kohlenlagerstätten, Bergwerken (Minen) und Bergbauhalden ausfließen und die Sulfid-Minerale, insbesondere das Di-Sulfid Pyrit enthalten. The process removes unwanted noncombustible materials such as rock and unwanted minerals such as pyrites, resulting in the enhancement of the heat value per ton of coal.

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